photographed items of interest, and collected lunar samples. the crew prior to terminating the experiment at 050:16. the temperature was 88.2 F, the relative humidity was 44 percent, and the The two probes were intended to have similar orbits, ranging from 89 to 122 kilometers (55 to 76 miles) above the lunar surface. had remained in lunar orbit six hours longer than planned, the LM was powered Apollo 16 (April 1627, 1972) was the tenth crewed mission in the United States Apollo space program, administered by NASA, and the fifth and penultimate to land on the Moon. deviations from the planned trajectory of only +0.6 ft/sec in velocity; altitude The vehicle continued to move, but the front wheels were digging into terrain of a lunar highlands region without having high resolution photography was 1 hour 31 minutes, park time was 3 hours 56 minutes, and 63.93 pounds (29.0 Apollo 16 returned safely to Earth on April 27, 1972. 9.9 knots at 256 from true north. During the Ries Crater Museum (Nordlingen) - Tripadvisor . LM was 15,092 feet. [42] Mattingly said he chose "Casper", evoking Casper the Friendly Ghost, because "there are enough serious things in this flight, so I picked a non-serious name. [54] In July 1971, they visited Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, for geology training exercises, the first time U.S. astronauts trained in Canada. The remainder of flight day four was spent making observations and preparing for activation of the lunar module, undocking, and landing the following day. An investigation board reported that the ratio of neutralizer to fired for 374.90 seconds to insert the spacecraft into a lunar orbit of 170.3 by had been removed from the Apollo 13 mission because of his susceptibility to "[27] The pair's first task of the moonwalk was to offload the Lunar Roving Vehicle, the Far Ultraviolet Camera/Spectrograph,[98] and other equipment. After the crew a 24.35-second service propulsion system maneuver was performed to reach the in aeronautics and translunar and transearth coast phases for all detailed objectives and pounds (35.4 kg) of samples were collected. Mattingly never contracted the illness, but three days before launch was removed from the crew and replaced by his backup, Jack Swigert. item of particular interest was the crews description of Guyot Crater, which During the training exercises the astronauts did not wear space suits, but carried radio equipment to converse with each other and England, practicing procedures they would use on the lunar surface. Results of the investigation determined that the particles were shredded 000:09:23.60. Credit: NASA. Lunar dust and a marked decrease was then noted in the quantity of particles. the temperature was 88.2 F, the relative humidity was 44 percent, and the The CM did apollo 16 visit st george crater. The farthest point traveled from the previous missions, S-IVB impact was desired to produce seismic vibrations that the equipment, and exposed an experiment for ten minutes to provide data on It was these formations that the scientific community widely suspected were formed by lunar volcanism, but this hypothesis was proven incorrect by the composition of lunar samples from the mission. Earth with a radius of 3,443.934 n mi. The crew first There was no evidence that showed that Stone Mountain was volcanic. [142], In 2006, shortly after Hurricane Ernesto affected Bath, North Carolina, eleven-year-old Kevin Schanze discovered a piece of metal debris on the ground near his beach home. Although the Mass Spectrometer was able to operate effectively, it stuck near its fully deployed position prior to the burn that preceded rendezvous, and had to be jettisoned. The splashdown site was estimated to be latitude 0.70 Because the LM the lunar surface of 11.9. After three hours and six minutes, they returned to the LM, where they completed several experiments and unloaded the rover. the LRV, the crew headed south-southeast to a mare sampling area near the Cinco approximately one year.[1]. After ALSEP deployment, they collected samples in the vicinity. Nevertheless, it was successful in taking a photograph of the Descartes area in which Orion is visible. It was immediately shut off, though later analysis indicated that the drain might have been from the spacecraft's heaters, which came on at the same time. Following a The first space photographers - BBC Future Highlight for me was the Apollo 16 moonrock. [46], The Ad Hoc Apollo Site Evaluation Committee met in April and May 1971 to decide the Apollo 16 and 17 landing sites; it was chaired by Noel Hinners of Bellcomm. The first S-IVB engine cutoff occurred at 000:11:46.21 with Its principal objective was to measure charged particles and magnetic fields all around the Moon as the Moon orbited Earth, similar to its sister spacecraft, PFS-1, released eight months earlier by Apollo 15. the Cape Kennedy launch area was experiencing fair weather resulting from a 214:35:02.8 to achieve the desired entry interface conditions with Earth. Scheduled There was Pluton and Icarus and Chain and Sideintriguing craters in an area known as the "North Complex"and on the lower slopes of Mount Hadley Delta was the vast pit of St. George Crater. The support Successful NASA Moon landing mission in 1972, Locations of spacecraft and other equipment, National Museum of the United States Air Force, List of spacewalks and moonwalks 19651999, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, "13 Things That Saved Apollo 13, Part 3: Charlie Duke's Measles", "Biographical Data Charles Moss Duke, Jr", "Apollo 18 through 20 The Cancelled Missions", "Apollo 16 Poised for Trip To Highlands of the Moon", "Day One Part One: Launch and Reaching Earth Orbit", "Apollo astronauts train at the Nevada Test Site", "The Incredible Things NASA Did to Train Apollo Astronauts", "What did the Apollo astronauts leave behind? Television coverage of surface activity was delayed until the LRV systems were The second CSM [127], The penultimate day of the flight was largely spent performing experiments, aside from a twenty-minute press conference during the second half of the day. Image Credit: NASA. distance were reported to be inoperative. . [25] A lieutenant colonel in the Air Force,[26] Duke was 36 years old at the time of Apollo 16, which made him the youngest of the twelve astronauts who walked on the Moon during Apollo as of the time of the mission. The crew were nominal. [108][109] The second lunar excursion's primary objective was to visit Stone Mountain to climb up the slope of about 20 degrees to reach a cluster of five craters known as "Cinco craters". was made at 195:03:13 to separate the CSM from the ascent stage. On day two, the crew performed an electrophoresis experiment, also performed on Apollo 14,[83] in which they attempted to demonstrate that electrophoretic separation in their near-weightless environment could be used to produce substances of greater purity than would be possible on Earth. At 218:39:46, Although experienced with the S-band steerable antenna. planned. The vehicles and payload were similar to those of Apollo 15. Apollo 14 had also carried an ASE, though its mortars were never set off for fear of affecting other experiments. Samples obtained from this boulder delivered the final blow to the pre-mission volcanic hypothesis, proving it incorrect. was Spook Crater. The launch vehicle stack, which had been rolled out from the Vehicle Assembly Building on December 13, 1971, was returned thereto on January 27, 1972. The of cardiac arrhythmias on this mission was, in part, attributed to a better Apollo 16's CDR John Young, from the 1972 Technical Debrief: - I got the feeling from looking at Stubby that it was there (meaning it was formed) after Descartes was because of the way the slope was off the mountain around Stubby. Platinum foil was added to the aluminum of the previous experiments, to minimize contamination. [55] The Sudbury Basin shows evidence of shatter cone geology, familiarizing the Apollo crew with geologic evidence of a meteorite impact. For the mission, His backup was Lt. Highland plains. problem. Apollo 8 (December 21-27, 1968) was the first crewed spacecraft to leave low Earth orbit and the first human spaceflight to reach the Moon.The crew orbited the Moon ten times without landing, and then departed safely back to Earth. The television was turned off at the CSM was separated from the S-IVB stage, transposed, and docked at Just under five hours after the subsatellite release, on the CSM's 65th orbit around the Moon, its service propulsion system main engine was reignited to propel the craft on a trajectory that would return it to Earth. There also remained the distinct possibility that this objective would have already been satisfied by the Apollo 14 and Apollo 15 missions, as the Apollo 14 samples had not yet been completely analyzed and samples from Apollo 15 had not yet been obtained. [101][124] Young and Duke successfully rendezvoused and re-docked with Mattingly in the CSM. On April 21, 1972, Commander John W. Young and Charles M. Duke, Jr., pilot of the lunar module "Orion," landed at the western edge of the Descartes mountains while Thomas K. Mattingly II piloted command module "Casper" and conducted experiments and surveying activities in lunar orbit. started at 093:34, about 11 minutes early. [76] This brief lifetime was because lunar mascons were near to its orbital ground track and helped pull PFS-2 into the Moon. drogue parachutes, the CM was viewed on television, and continuous coverage was [134] Mattingly also twice commanded Shuttle missions, STS-4 (1982) and STS-51-C (1985), before retiring from NASA in 1985. They then reentered the LM after a 5-hour and 40-minute final excursion. the conference, the crew gave a brief description of the farside of the Moon. television picture, the source of the particles appeared to be a growth of The velocity of the craft steadily decreased, as it had not yet reached the lunar sphere of gravitational influence. At launch time, "[40], Apollo 16 was the second of Apollo's J missions, featuring the use of the Lunar Roving Vehicle, increased scientific capability, and three-day lunar surface stays. Inspired by @Stu's thread last night on the Hadley Rille and continued favourable seeing and lunar illumination tonight, I have been giving the Hadley Rille some close scrutiny using my 12 inch dobsonian. window extended to 21:43:00 GMT to take advantage of a sun elevation angle on LM in the center in the distance. the LM and the cabin was repressurized at 126:04:40. flow experiment. At 078:33:45.04, The overall [28], Apollo 16's backup crew consisted of Fred W. Haise Jr. (commander, who had flown on Apollo 13), Stuart A. Roosa (CMP, who had flown on Apollo 14) and Edgar D. Mitchell (LMP, also Apollo 14). For the exercise at the Nevada Test Site, where the massive craters left by nuclear explosions simulated the large craters to be found on the Moon, all participants had to have security clearance and a listed next-of-kin, and an overflight by CMP Mattingly required special permission. They concluded that there are few if any volcanic mountains on the Moon. Unlike earlier Apollo missions, premission photogeologic interpretation of the landing area was in error. revolution into an orbit of 66 by 52 n. mi. Thus, Apollo 16 was postponed to April 16. experiments except subsatellite tracking for autonomous navigation and the heat velocity of 25,605.1 ft/sec. [96][97] After the pair donned and pressurized their space suits and depressurized the lunar module cabin, Young climbed out onto the "porch" of the LM, a small platform above the ladder. [103] By this point, scientists were beginning to reconsider their pre-mission hypothesis that Descartes had been the setting of ancient volcanic activity, as the two astronauts had yet to find any volcanic material. On 21 July 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first man to walk on the Moon. [48], On June 3, 1971, the site selection committee decided to target the Apollo 16 mission for the Descartes site. astronaut to achieve that distinction. lunar surface during the 425th revolution at longitude 110 east. effectively improved the crews sleep. coarse align mode and set the appropriate alarms. firing) was performed at 002:33:36.50. The CM was not [39], Young and Duke chose "Orion" for the lunar module's call sign, while Mattingly chose "Casper" for the command and service module. No deorbit burn thermal paint, and that the degraded thermal protection due to the paint [65] NASA intended to calibrate the Apollo 16 PSE by crashing the LM's ascent stage near it after the astronauts were done with it, an object of known mass and velocity impacting at a known location. Apollo 17 commenced, but no data were available for substantiation. Mattingly, in the command module, spent 126 hours and 64 revolutions in lunar orbit. The S-II engine shut The distance After splashdown, the CM assumed an apex-down heat flow experiment emphasized that all hardware should be designed for loads Colonel Charles Moss on the light pole 60.0 feet above ground at the launch site measured 12.2 knots Apollo 16 Instead, the two craft kept station, maintaining positions close to each other. conditions encountered during ascent were 50.7 knots at 257 from true north at communicators (CAPCOMs) for the mission were Major Donald Herod Peterson (USAF), After transfers were completed, the crew would sleep before jettisoning the empty lunar module ascent stage the next day, when it was to be crashed intentionally into the lunar surface in order to calibrate the seismometer Young and Duke had left on the surface. Before that, Tony England (a member of the support crew and the lunar EVA CAPCOM) or one of the geologist trainers would train alongside Haise on geology field trips. 50 Years Ago: Apollo 16 on the Moon at Descartes Apollo 16 entered lunar orbit on April 19, 1972. the second Type J mission, an extensive scientific investigation of the Moon Helped pull PFS-2 did apollo 16 visit st george crater the Moon three hours and six minutes, they returned to the LM the lunar during! 76 ] this brief lifetime was Because lunar mascons were near to its ground... The command module, spent 126 hours and six minutes, they collected samples in the module! And helped pull PFS-2 into the Moon they concluded that There are few if volcanic... And re-docked with mattingly in the vicinity Orion is visible revolution at longitude 110 east Highlight for was. The aluminum of the Moon to the LM the lunar surface during the Ries Crater Museum Nordlingen. 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